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Computer software, or just software is a general term used to describe a collection of computer programs, procedures and documentation that perform some tasks on a computer system.^[1]

The term includes:

• Application software such as word processors which perform productive tasks for users.
• Firmware which is software programmed resident to electrically programmable memory devices on board mainboards or other types of integrated hardware carriers.
• Middleware which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.
• System software such as operating systems, which interface with hardware to provide the necessary services for application software.
• Software testing is a domain independent of development and programming. It consists of various methods to test and declare a software product fit before it can be launched for use by either an individual or a group. Many tests on functionality, performance and appearance are conducted by modern testers with various tools such as QTP, Load runner, Black box testing etc to edit a checklist of requirements against the developed code. ISTQB is a certification that is in demand for engineers who want to pursue a career in testing.^[2]
• Testware which is an umbrella term or container term for all utilities and application software that serve in combination for testing a software package but not necessarily may optionally contribute to operational purposes. As such, testware is not a standing configuration but merely a working environment for application software or subsets thereof.

Software includes websites, programs, video games, etc. that are coded by programming languages like C, C++, etc.

"Software" is sometimes used in a broader context to mean anything which is not hardware but which is used with hardware, such as film, tapes and records.[3

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perangkat keras adalah................

HARDWARE

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For other uses, see Hardware (disambiguation).

CPU is a piece of computer hardware

Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical components of a computer system, in the form of computer hardware.

Hardware historically meant the metal parts and fittings that were used to make wooden products stronger, more functional, longer lasting and easier to fabricate or assemble.^{[citation needed]} In modern usage it includes equipment such as keys, locks, hinges, latches, corners, handles, wire, chains, plumbing supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts, especially when they are made of metal.^{[citation needed]} In the United States, this type of hardware has been traditionally sold in hardware stores, a term also used to a lesser extent in the UK.^{[citation needed]}

In a more colloquial sense, hardware can refer to major items of military equipment, such as tanks, aircraft or ships.^{[citation needed]}

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pengertian komputer

Arti istilah computer dianggap berkaitan erat dengan pengertian berikut

	Alat bantu bagi manusia untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaannya. Perangkat elektronik yang dapat dipakai untuk mengolah data dengan perantaraan sekumpulan program dan mampu memberikan informasi dari hasil pengolahan tersebut. Dalam bahasa indonesia sering ditulis dengan komputer. Istilah Computer berasal dari kata Compute, yang berarti menghitung. Artinya, setiap proses yang dilaksanakan oleh komputer merupakan proses matematika hitungan. Jadi apapun yang dilakukan oleh komputer, baik penampakan pada layar monitor, suara, gambar, dll. diolah sedemikian rupa dari perhitungan secara elektronik. Komputer adalah hasil dari kemajuan teknologi elektronika dan informatika yang berfungsi sebagai alat bantu untuk menulis, menggambar, menyunting gambar atau foto, membuat animasi, mengoperasikan program analisis ilmiah, simulasi dan untuk kontrol peralatan. Bentuk komputer yang dulu cukup besar untuk mengoperasikan sebuah program, sekarang berbentuk kecil dengan kemampuan mengoperasikan program yang beragam. Perlengkapan elektronik (hardware) dan program (perangkat lunak/software) telah menjadikan sebuah komputer menjadi benda yang berguna. Sebuah komputer yang hanya memiliki perlengkapan elektronik saja atau software saja tidak akan berfungsi. Dengan ada keduanya maka komputer dapat berfungsi menjadi alat yang berguna. Sistem komputer juga dapat dikembangkan untuk mengontrol peralatan mesin produksi ataupun peralatan rumah tangga. Dengan menambah rangkaian elektronik buatannya, maka komputer biasa bisa dipergunakan untuk mengendalikan peralatan-peralatan industri dan rumah tangga. Adanya kecenderungan pemanfaatan komputer untuk kontrol seperti ini dengan dukungan teknologi chip IC telah memungkinkan orang membuat robot kecil yang berguna seperti robot kendaraan yang dipergunakan dalam misi ruang angkasa. Berdasarkan data yang diolahnya, komputer terdiri dari: - Komputer analog - Komputer digital - Komputer hibrid Berdasarkan penggunaannya, komputer dibagi menjadi: - Special purpose computer - General purpose computer Berdasarkan skala kemampuannya, komputer dibagi menjadi: - Small scale computer - Medium scale computer - Large scale computer Klasifikasi komputer terbagi atas tujuh, yaitu: 1. Microcontroller 2. Microcomputer 3. Engineering workstation 4. Minicomputer 5. Mainframe 6. Supercomputer

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